Biomolecular condensates sustain pH gradients at equilibrium through charge neutralization

Hannes Ausserwöger, Rob Scrutton, Charlotte M Fischer, Tomas Sneideris, Daoyuan Qian, Ella De Csilléry, Ieva Baronaite, Kadi L Saar, Alan Z Białek, Marc Oeller, Georg Krainer, Titus M Franzmann, Sina Wittmann, Juan M Iglesias-Artola, Gaetano Invernizzi, Anthony A Hyman, Simon Alberti, Nikolai Lorenzen, Tuomas PJ Knowles

Nature Chemistry Jan 29, 2026

DOI: 10.1038/s41557-025-02039-9